MarqoomDabt and Mushaf marks
Definitions, names, and the boundaries between concepts.
Ayah Mark — علامة الآية
Definition: The circle separating one ayah from the next. It is placed at the ayah's end and, in most mushafs, carries its number.
Purpose: Used to mark an ayah's boundary in the written text; it is the sign from which a renderer or an analyser reads where an ayah ends and what its number is.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | ayah_mark |
kind | mark |
| Parent | mushaf_mark |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | عَلَامَة الآيَة |
| Dabt name | عَلَامَة رَأْس الآيَة |
| Name by shape | دَارَة |
| Mushaf introduction name | عَلَامَة رَأْس الآيَة |
| Symbol | |
| Characters | U+06DD ARABIC END OF AYAH |
| Mark family | mustaqill |
| Other spellings | end_of_ayah, ayah_marker, ayah_separator |
- The mark is something drawn in the mushaf; the ayah ending is the close of the ayah as a matter of the text itself.
- The number inside the circle follows an ayah numbering system and is not part of the mark.
Related: ayah, ayah_ending, ayah_numbering_system
Dammah — الضمة
Definition: The mark for the short vowel u on the letter.
Purpose: Used as a value of harakah, so that a letter's pronunciation is read from it in analysis, rendering and teaching rather than from the shape of the mark.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | dammah |
kind | mark |
| Parent | harakah |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | الضَّمَّة |
| Dabt name | الضَّمَّة (وتُسمَّى قديمًا الرَّفْعَة) |
| Name by shape | وَاو صَغِيرَة فَوْق الحَرْف |
| Symbol | ـُ |
| Characters | U+064F ARABIC DAMMA |
| Mark family | harakah |
| Other spellings | damma |
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!damma
Division Mark — علامة التقسيم
Definition: Marks the start of a juz, a hizb, or a half or quarter of one.
Purpose: Used as a mark of the mushaf, so that rendering and analysis know where it sits and what it points to.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | division_mark |
kind | mark |
| Parent | mushaf_mark |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | عَلَامَة التَّقْسِيم |
| Dabt name | عَلَامَة التَّحْزِيب |
| Name by shape | نَجْمَة مُثَمَّنَة |
| Mushaf introduction name | عَلَامَة بِدَايَة الأَجْزَاء والأَحْزَاب وأَنْصَافِها وأَرْبَاعِها |
| Symbol | نَجْمَة |
| Characters | U+06DE ARABIC START OF RUB EL HIZB |
| Mark family | mustaqill |
| Other spellings | hizb_mark, juz_mark, rub_el_hizb_mark, rub_mark |
| Deprecated names | alamat_al_tahzib |
- The division mark is a sign in the mushaf; the juz, the hizb and its quarters are divisions of the text it points to.
alamat_al_tahzibwas a separate entry defining the same thing; it was merged into this one.
Related: hizb, rubu_al_hizb, juz
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!hizb
Dot — النقطة
Definition: One dot, above or below, distinguishing a letter from the others that share its skeleton (ijam): baa, noon, jeem, khaa, dhaal.
Purpose: Used as a value of ijam, so that a letter is told apart from those sharing its skeleton in analysis and in search.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | dot |
kind | mark |
| Parent | ijam |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | النُّقْطَة |
| Dabt name | نَقْط الإِعْجَام — النُّقْطَة |
| Name by shape | نُقْطَة وَاحِدَة |
| Symbol | نُقْطَة وَاحِدَة |
| Mark family | ijam |
| Other spellings | nuqtah |
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!dot
Fathah — الفتحة
Definition: The mark for the short vowel a on the letter.
Purpose: Used as a value of harakah, so that a letter's pronunciation is read from it in analysis, rendering and teaching rather than from the shape of the mark.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | fathah |
kind | mark |
| Parent | harakah |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | الفَتْحَة |
| Dabt name | الفَتْحَة (وتُسمَّى قديمًا النَّصْبَة) |
| Name by shape | أَلِف مُضْجَعَة فَوْق الحَرْف |
| Symbol | ـَ |
| Characters | U+064E ARABIC FATHA |
| Mark family | harakah |
| Other spellings | fatha |
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!fatha
Hamzah — الهمزة
Definition: Marks a fully realised hamzah (hamzat al-qat).
Purpose: Used as a value of the orthographic marks, so that software can tell where the rasm departs from the pronunciation.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | hamzah |
kind | mark |
| Parent | orthographic_mark |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | الهَمْزَة |
| Dabt name | الهَمْزَة — رَأْس العَيْن |
| Name by shape | رَأْس عَيْن |
| Symbol | ء |
| Characters | U+0621 ARABIC LETTER HAMZA, U+0654 ARABIC HAMZA ABOVE, U+0655 ARABIC HAMZA BELOW |
| Mark family | imlaiyyah |
| Other spellings | hamza |
Related: hamzat_al_wasl, madd_al_badal, madd_munfasil, madd_muttasil
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!hamza
Hamzat al-Wasl — همزة الوصل
Definition: Marks a connecting hamzah, dropped whenever the word is reached in continuation.
Purpose: Used as a value of the orthographic marks, so that software can tell where the rasm departs from the pronunciation.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | hamzat_al_wasl |
kind | mark |
| Parent | orthographic_mark |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | هَمْزَة الوَصْل |
| Dabt name | رَأْس الصَّاد (من «صِلَة») — عَلَامَة هَمْزَة الوَصْل |
| Name by shape | رَأْس صَاد فَوْق الأَلِف |
| Mushaf introduction name | رَأْس صَاد صَغِيرَة فَوْق أَلِف الوَصْل |
| Symbol | ص صَغِيرَة فَوْق الأَلِف |
| Characters | U+0671 ARABIC LETTER ALEF WASLA |
| Mark family | imlaiyyah |
| Other spellings | alif_wasl, hamzat_wasl, wasl, wasla |
Related: hamzah
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!wasla - معجم مصطلحات التجويد —
127
Harakah — الحركة
Definition: A mark fixing a letter's vowel, its absence or its doubling: fathah, dammah, kasrah, sukun and shaddah.
Purpose: Used as the parent of the dabt marks that determine how the letter itself is pronounced.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | harakah |
kind | classification |
| Parent | mushaf_mark |
| Values | dammah, fathah, kasrah, shaddah, sukun |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | الحَرَكَة |
| Other spellings | haraka, harakat |
| English gloss | Vowel Mark, diacritics |
Related: mushaf_mark, tanwin, tashkil, shaddah, sukun
Sources:
- معجم مصطلحات التجويد —
135 - مباحث في علوم القرآن —
1/151
Ijam — الإعجام
Definition: The dotting that distinguishes a letter from the letters that share its written shape.
Purpose: Used as the parent of the dot shapes, which are told apart by their number and position rather than by their function.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | ijam |
kind | classification |
| Parent | mushaf_mark |
| Values | dot, three_dots, two_dots |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | الإِعْجَام |
Related: mushaf_mark, letter, tashkil
Sources:
- معجم مصطلحات التجويد —
135 - مباحث في علوم القرآن —
1/151
Imalah — الإمالة
Definition: Marks the major imalah: a fathah pronounced leaning toward kasrah. In the riwayah of Hafs it occurs at one place only (11:41).
Purpose: Used as a value of the qiraah marks, so that the reader is alerted to a particular delivery at its place.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | imalah |
kind | mark |
| Parent | qiraah_mark |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | الإِمَالَة |
| Dabt name | الإِمَالَة — النُّقْطَة تَحْت الحَرْف |
| Name by shape | نُقْطَة كَبِيرَة مَطْمُوسَة تَحْت الحَرْف |
| Mushaf introduction name | نُقْطَة كَبِيرَة مَطْمُوسَة الوَسَط تَحْت الحَرْف |
| Symbol | نُقْطَة تَحْت الحَرْف |
| Characters | U+06EA ARABIC EMPTY CENTRE LOW STOP |
| Mark family | alamat_qiraah |
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!imalah
Ishmam — الإشمام
Definition: Marks ishmam: the lips are rounded to hint at a dropped dammah, without any sound.
Purpose: Used as a value of the qiraah marks, so that the reader is alerted to a particular delivery at its place.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | ishmam |
kind | mark |
| Parent | qiraah_mark |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | الإِشْمَام |
| Dabt name | الإِشْمَام |
| Name by shape | نُقْطَة كَبِيرَة مَطْمُوسَة فَوْق الحَرْف |
| Mushaf introduction name | النُّقْطَة المَذْكُورَة فَوْق آخِر المِيم |
| Symbol | نُقْطَة فَوْق الحَرْف |
| Characters | U+06EC ARABIC ROUNDED HIGH STOP WITH FILLED CENTRE |
| Mark family | alamat_qiraah |
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!ishmam - معجم مصطلحات التجويد —
131
Kasrah — الكسرة
Definition: The mark for the short vowel i on the letter.
Purpose: Used as a value of harakah, so that a letter's pronunciation is read from it in analysis, rendering and teaching rather than from the shape of the mark.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | kasrah |
kind | mark |
| Parent | harakah |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | الكَسْرَة |
| Dabt name | الكَسْرَة (وتُسمَّى قديمًا الخَفْضَة) |
| Name by shape | أَلِف مُضْجَعَة تَحْت الحَرْف |
| Symbol | ـِ |
| Characters | U+0650 ARABIC KASRA |
| Mark family | harakah |
| Other spellings | kasra |
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!kasra
Maddah — المدة
Definition: Marks that the letter is lengthened beyond the natural madd.
Purpose: Used as a value of the orthographic marks, so that software can tell where the rasm departs from the pronunciation.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | maddah |
kind | mark |
| Parent | orthographic_mark |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | المَدَّة |
| Dabt name | عَلَامَة المَدّ — المَدَّة |
| Name by shape | خَطّ مُتَمَوِّج مَمْدُود فَوْق الحَرْف |
| Mushaf introduction name | عَلَامَة المَدّ |
| Symbol | خَطّ المَدّ |
| Characters | U+0653 ARABIC MADDAH ABOVE, U+06E4 ARABIC SMALL HIGH MADDA |
| Mark family | imlaiyyah |
| Other spellings | madda |
Related: madd
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!maddah
Mushaf Mark — علامة المصحف
Definition: A sign or mark that is not one of a word's original letters, used in the mushaf for reading, organisation or guidance.
Purpose: Gives the different marks one parent, instead of treating them as unrelated kinds.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | mushaf_mark |
kind | classification |
| Values | ayah_mark, division_mark, harakah, ijam, orthographic_mark, qiraah_mark, rectangular_zero, rounded_zero, sajdah_line, sajdah_mark, small_meem, tanwin, waqf_mark |
| Origin | standard |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | عَلَامَة المُصْحَف |
Related: harakah, tanwin, ijam, orthographic_mark, qiraah_mark, waqf_mark, rasm, tashkil
Sources:
- مباحث في علوم القرآن —
1/152
Omitted Alif — الألف المحذوفة
Definition: Restores an alif omitted from the Uthmani skeleton but obligatory in pronunciation.
Purpose: Used as a value of the orthographic marks, so that software can tell where the rasm departs from the pronunciation.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | omitted_alif |
kind | mark |
| Parent | orthographic_mark |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | الأَلِف المَحْذُوفَة |
| Dabt name | الأَلِف المَحْذُوفَة — أَلِف صَغِيرَة قَائِمَة |
| Name by shape | أَلِف صَغِيرَة قَائِمَة فَوْق الحَرْف |
| Mushaf introduction name | مِنَ الحُرُوف الصَّغِيرَة الدَّالَّة على المَتْرُوك مِنَ الرَّسْم |
| Symbol | ا صَغِيرَة قَائِمَة |
| Characters | U+0670 ARABIC LETTER SUPERSCRIPT ALEF |
| Mark family | imlaiyyah |
| Other spellings | alif_mahdhufah, dagger_alif, small-alef, small_alef, small_alif, superscript_alif |
Related: rasm, orthographic_mark
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!small-alef
Orthographic Mark — العلامة الإملائية
Definition: A mark fixing how a word is written, such as the hamzah, the maddah and the small letters.
Purpose: Used as the parent of the marks that concern how a word is written, rather than its vowel or how it is stopped on.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | orthographic_mark |
kind | classification |
| Parent | mushaf_mark |
| Values | hamzah, hamzat_al_wasl, maddah, omitted_alif, small_noon, small_waw, small_yaa |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | العَلَامَة الإِمْلَائِيَّة |
Related: mushaf_mark, rasm, omitted_alif
Sources:
- معجم مصطلحات التجويد —
134 - معجم مصطلحات التجويد —
135
Qiraah Mark — علامة القراءة
Definition: A mark pointing to a particular manner of delivery at its place, such as saktah, ishmam and tashil.
Purpose: Used as the parent of the marks that alert the reader to a particular delivery rather than to the pointing of a letter.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | qiraah_mark |
kind | classification |
| Parent | mushaf_mark |
| Values | imalah, ishmam, saktah_mark, seen_al_qiraah, tashil |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | عَلَامَة القِرَاءَة |
Related: mushaf_mark, qiraah, saktah_mark
Rectangular Zero — الصفر المستطيل
Definition: Marks an alif dropped in continuation but pronounced when stopping on it.
Purpose: Used as a mark of the mushaf, so that rendering and analysis know where it sits and what it points to.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | rectangular_zero |
kind | mark |
| Parent | mushaf_mark |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | الصِّفْر المُسْتَطِيل |
| Dabt name | الصِّفْر المُسْتَطِيل القَائِم |
| Name by shape | مُسْتَطِيل صَغِير قَائِم خَالِي الوَسَط |
| Mushaf introduction name | دَائِرَة قَائِمَة مُسْتَطِيلَة خَالِيَة الوَسَط |
| Symbol | مُسْتَطِيل قَائِم صَغِير |
| Characters | U+06E0 ARABIC SMALL HIGH UPRIGHT RECTANGULAR ZERO |
| Mark family | dabt |
| Other spellings | sifr-mustatil, sifr_mustatil |
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!sifr-mustatil
Rounded Zero — الصفر المستدير
Definition: Marks a letter present in the skeleton but never pronounced — neither in continuation nor when stopping.
Purpose: Used as a mark of the mushaf, so that rendering and analysis know where it sits and what it points to.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | rounded_zero |
kind | mark |
| Parent | mushaf_mark |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | الصِّفْر المُسْتَدِير |
| Dabt name | الصِّفْر المُسْتَدِير |
| Name by shape | دَائِرَة صَغِيرَة خَالِيَة الوَسَط |
| Mushaf introduction name | دَائِرَة صَغِيرَة خَالِيَة الوَسَط |
| Symbol | دَائِرَة صَغِيرَة |
| Characters | U+06DF ARABIC SMALL HIGH ROUNDED ZERO |
| Mark family | dabt |
| Other spellings | sifr-mustadir, sifr_mustadir |
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!sifr-mustadir
Sajdah Line — خط السجدة
Definition: Marks the word that makes prostration due.
Purpose: Used as a mark of the mushaf, so that rendering and analysis know where it sits and what it points to.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | sajdah_line |
kind | mark |
| Parent | mushaf_mark |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | خَطّ السَّجْدَة |
| Dabt name | خَطّ مُوجِب السَّجْدَة |
| Name by shape | خَطّ أُفُقِيّ فَوْق الكَلِمَة |
| Mushaf introduction name | خَطّ أُفُقِيّ فَوْق الكَلِمَة الدَّالّ على مُوجِب السَّجْدَة |
| Symbol | خَطّ أُفُقِيّ |
| Mark family | mustaqill |
| Other spellings | khatt_mujib_al_sajdah, sajdah-line |
Related: sajdah_mark, sajdah
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!sajdah-line - الإتقان في علوم القرآن —
1/381
Sajdah Mark — علامة السجدة
Definition: Marks the point at which the reader prostrates.
Purpose: Used as a mark of the mushaf, so that rendering and analysis know where it sits and what it points to.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | sajdah_mark |
kind | mark |
| Parent | mushaf_mark |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | عَلَامَة السَّجْدَة |
| Dabt name | عَلَامَة مَوْضِع السَّجْدَة — المِحْرَاب |
| Name by shape | مِحْرَاب صَغِير |
| Mushaf introduction name | عَلَامَة مَوْضِع السَّجْدَة |
| Symbol | مِحْرَاب |
| Mark family | mustaqill |
| Other spellings | sajda_mark, sajda_sign, sajdah-sign, sajdah_sign |
| Deprecated names | alamat_mawdi_al_sajdah |
- The sajdah mark is a sign in the mushaf; the sajdah is the place in the text at which one prostrates.
alamat_mawdi_al_sajdahwas a separate entry defining the same thing; it was merged into this one.
Related: sajdah, sajdah_line
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!sajdah-sign - الإتقان في علوم القرآن —
1/381
Saktah Mark — علامة السكتة
Definition: Marks a saktah: a brief pause without taking a breath, then continuing.
Purpose: Used as a value of the qiraah marks, so that the reader is alerted to a particular delivery at its place.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | saktah_mark |
kind | mark |
| Parent | qiraah_mark |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | عَلَامَة السَّكْتَة |
| Dabt name | السِّين — عَلَامَة السَّكْت |
| Name by shape | سِين |
| Mushaf introduction name | السِّين فَوْق الحَرْف الأَخِير الدَّالَّة على السَّكْت |
| Symbol | س |
| Characters | U+06DC ARABIC SMALL HIGH SEEN |
| Mark family | alamat_qiraah |
| Other spellings | alamat_al_sakt |
- The saktah mark is a sign in the mushaf; the saktah is the pause itself.
Related: saktah, qiraah_mark
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!saktah - معجم مصطلحات التجويد —
126
Seen al-Qiraah — سين القراءة
Definition: A small seen above a saad marks reading it as seen; below it, reading it as saad.
Purpose: Used as a value of the qiraah marks, so that the reader is alerted to a particular delivery at its place.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | seen_al_qiraah |
kind | mark |
| Parent | qiraah_mark |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | سِين القِرَاءَة |
| Dabt name | السِّين الدَّالَّة على وَجْه القِرَاءَة |
| Name by shape | سِين فَوْق الصَّاد أو تَحْتَهَا |
| Mushaf introduction name | السِّين فَوْق الصَّاد أو تَحْتَهَا |
| Symbol | س |
| Characters | U+06DC ARABIC SMALL HIGH SEEN, U+06E3 ARABIC SMALL LOW SEEN |
| Mark family | alamat_qiraah |
| Other spellings | seen-reading, seen_reading, sin_qiraah |
| Display evidence | letter name; unmeasurable directly, both forms are English words |
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!seen-reading
Shaddah — الشدة
Definition: Marks a doubled letter: the first, vowelless, is merged into the second and the two are pronounced as one stressed letter.
Purpose: Used as a value of harakah, so that a letter's pronunciation is read from it in analysis, rendering and teaching rather than from the shape of the mark.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | shaddah |
kind | mark |
| Parent | harakah |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | الشَّدَّة |
| Dabt name | الشَّدَّة — رَأْس الشِّين (من «شَدِيد») |
| Name by shape | رَأْس شِين بِلَا نُقَط |
| Mushaf introduction name | الشَّدَّة الدَّالَّة على الإِدْغَام |
| Symbol | ـّ |
| Characters | U+0651 ARABIC SHADDA |
| Mark family | harakah |
| Other spellings | shadda, tashdeed, tashdid |
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!shadda
Small Meem — الميم الصغيرة
Definition: Marks iqlab: a vowelless noon or tanwin pronounced as meem before baa.
Purpose: Used as a mark of the mushaf, so that rendering and analysis know where it sits and what it points to.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | small_meem |
kind | mark |
| Parent | mushaf_mark |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | المِيم الصَّغِيرَة |
| Dabt name | المِيم الصَّغِيرَة — عَلَامَة القَلْب |
| Name by shape | مِيم صَغِيرَة، عُلْيَا أو سُفْلَى |
| Mushaf introduction name | المِيم الصَّغِيرَة |
| Symbol | م صَغِيرَة |
| Characters | U+06E2 ARABIC SMALL HIGH MEEM ISOLATED FORM, U+06ED ARABIC SMALL LOW MEEM |
| Mark family | dabt |
| Other spellings | iqlab_meem, meem-iqlab, meem_iqlab, meem_saghirah, mim_saghirah |
| Display evidence | GitHub phrase search: meem sakinah 308 vs mim sakinah 57 |
Related: noon_sakinah, iqlab
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!meem-iqlab - معجم مصطلحات التجويد —
86
Small Noon — النون الصغيرة
Definition: Restores a noon omitted from the skeleton but obligatory in pronunciation, at one place only (21:88).
Purpose: Used as a value of the orthographic marks, so that software can tell where the rasm departs from the pronunciation.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | small_noon |
kind | mark |
| Parent | orthographic_mark |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | النُّون الصَّغِيرَة |
| Dabt name | النُّون الصَّغِيرَة — الحَرْف المُلْحَق بالرَّسْم |
| Name by shape | نُون صَغِيرَة فَوْق السَّطْر |
| Mushaf introduction name | مِنَ الحُرُوف الصَّغِيرَة الدَّالَّة على المَتْرُوك مِنَ الرَّسْم |
| Symbol | ن صَغِيرَة |
| Characters | U+06E8 ARABIC SMALL HIGH NOON |
| Mark family | imlaiyyah |
| Other spellings | noon_saghirah, nun_saghirah, small-noon |
| Display evidence | GitHub phrase search: noon sakinah 478 vs nun sakinah 118 |
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!small-noon
Small Waw — الواو الصغيرة
Definition: Marks the silah of the pronoun haa with dammah, pronounced as a waw in continuation.
Purpose: Used as a value of the orthographic marks, so that software can tell where the rasm departs from the pronunciation.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | small_waw |
kind | mark |
| Parent | orthographic_mark |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | الوَاو الصَّغِيرَة |
| Dabt name | الوَاو الصَّغِيرَة — عَلَامَة صِلَة هَاء الضَّمِير |
| Name by shape | وَاو صَغِيرَة بَعْد الهَاء |
| Mushaf introduction name | الوَاو الصَّغِيرَة |
| Symbol | و صَغِيرَة |
| Characters | U+06E5 ARABIC SMALL WAW |
| Mark family | imlaiyyah |
| Other spellings | small-waw, waw_saghirah |
Related: madd_al_silah
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!small-waw
Small Yaa — الياء الصغيرة
Definition: Marks the silah of the pronoun haa with kasrah, pronounced as a yaa in continuation.
Purpose: Used as a value of the orthographic marks, so that software can tell where the rasm departs from the pronunciation.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | small_yaa |
kind | mark |
| Parent | orthographic_mark |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | اليَاء الصَّغِيرَة |
| Dabt name | اليَاء الصَّغِيرَة — عَلَامَة صِلَة هَاء الضَّمِير |
| Name by shape | يَاء صَغِيرَة مَرْدُودَة بَعْد الهَاء |
| Mushaf introduction name | اليَاء الصَّغِيرَة المَرْدُودَة إِلى خَلْف |
| Symbol | ي صَغِيرَة |
| Characters | U+06E6 ARABIC SMALL YEH, U+06E7 ARABIC SMALL HIGH YEH |
| Mark family | imlaiyyah |
| Other spellings | small-ya, small_ya, ya_saghirah, yaa_saghirah |
Related: madd_al_silah
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!small-ya
Sukun — السكون
Definition: Marks a letter that carries no vowel and is articulated clearly.
Purpose: Used as a value of harakah, so that a letter's pronunciation is read from it in analysis, rendering and teaching rather than from the shape of the mark.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | sukun |
kind | mark |
| Parent | harakah |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | السُّكُون |
| Dabt name | السُّكُون — رَأْس الخَاء المُهْمَلَة |
| Name by shape | رَأْس خَاء بِلَا نُقْطَة |
| Mushaf introduction name | رَأْس خَاء صَغِيرَة دُون نُقْطَة |
| Symbol | ـْ |
| Characters | U+0652 ARABIC SUKUN, U+06E1 ARABIC SMALL HIGH DOTLESS HEAD OF KHAH |
| Mark family | harakah |
| Other spellings | sukoon |
Related: harakah, noon_sakinah, madd_lazim, qalqalah
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!sukun
Tanwin — التنوين
Definition: An added vowelless noon at the end of a noun, written by doubling the shape of the vowel.
Purpose: Used as the parent of the three tanwin marks, gathering them instead of scattering them through one list.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | tanwin |
kind | classification |
| Parent | mushaf_mark |
| Values | tanwin_al_damm, tanwin_al_fath, tanwin_al_kasr |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | التَّنْوِين |
| Other spellings | tanween |
Related: harakah, noon_sakinah, iqlab, mushaf_mark, tanwin_al_damm, tanwin_al_fath, tanwin_al_kasr
Sources:
- معجم مصطلحات التجويد —
135
Tanwin al-Damm — تنوين الضم
Definition: Marks the un tanwin. Stacked marks signal izhar; staggered marks with a shaddah on the next letter signal complete idgham, and without one, incomplete idgham or ikhfa.
Purpose: Used as a value of tanwin, so that the pronunciation of the noun's ending and its ruling are read from it rather than from the shape of the mark.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | tanwin_al_damm |
kind | mark |
| Parent | tanwin |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | تَنْوِين الضَّمّ |
| Dabt name | تَنْوِين الرَّفْع — الضَّمَّتَان |
| Name by shape | وَاوَان صَغِيرَتَان فَوْق الحَرْف |
| Mushaf introduction name | الحَرَكَتَان: تَرْكِيبًا أو تَتَابُعًا |
| Symbol | ـٌ |
| Characters | U+064C ARABIC DAMMATAN, U+08F1 ARABIC OPEN DAMMATAN |
| Mark family | tanwin |
| Other spellings | dammatan, tanween_damm, tanwin_al_rafa, tanwin_damm |
Related: tanwin, noon_sakinah
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!dammatan
Tanwin al-Fath — تنوين الفتح
Definition: Marks the an tanwin. Stacked marks signal izhar; staggered marks with a shaddah on the next letter signal complete idgham, and without one, incomplete idgham or ikhfa.
Purpose: Used as a value of tanwin, so that the pronunciation of the noun's ending and its ruling are read from it rather than from the shape of the mark.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | tanwin_al_fath |
kind | mark |
| Parent | tanwin |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | تَنْوِين الفَتْح |
| Dabt name | تَنْوِين النَّصْب — الفَتْحَتَان |
| Name by shape | أَلِفَان مُضْجَعَتَان فَوْق الحَرْف |
| Mushaf introduction name | الحَرَكَتَان: تَرْكِيبًا أو تَتَابُعًا |
| Symbol | ـً |
| Characters | U+064B ARABIC FATHATAN, U+08F0 ARABIC OPEN FATHATAN |
| Mark family | tanwin |
| Other spellings | fathatan, tanween_fath, tanwin_al_nasb, tanwin_fath |
Related: tanwin, noon_sakinah, madd_al_iwad
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!fathatan
Tanwin al-Kasr — تنوين الكسر
Definition: Marks the in tanwin. Stacked marks signal izhar; staggered marks with a shaddah on the next letter signal complete idgham, and without one, incomplete idgham or ikhfa.
Purpose: Used as a value of tanwin, so that the pronunciation of the noun's ending and its ruling are read from it rather than from the shape of the mark.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | tanwin_al_kasr |
kind | mark |
| Parent | tanwin |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | تَنْوِين الكَسْر |
| Dabt name | تَنْوِين الخَفْض — الكَسْرَتَان |
| Name by shape | أَلِفَان مُضْجَعَتَان تَحْت الحَرْف |
| Mushaf introduction name | الحَرَكَتَان: تَرْكِيبًا أو تَتَابُعًا |
| Symbol | ـٍ |
| Characters | U+064D ARABIC KASRATAN, U+08F2 ARABIC OPEN KASRATAN |
| Mark family | tanwin |
| Other spellings | kasratan, tanween_kasr, tanwin_al_jarr, tanwin_al_khafd, tanwin_kasr |
Related: tanwin, noon_sakinah
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!kasratan
Tashil — التسهيل
Definition: Marks tashil: the hamzah softened to a sound between a hamzah and an alif.
Purpose: Used as a value of the qiraah marks, so that the reader is alerted to a particular delivery at its place.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | tashil |
kind | mark |
| Parent | qiraah_mark |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | التَّسْهِيل |
| Dabt name | التَّسْهِيل — الهَمْزَة بَيْنَ بَيْنَ |
| Name by shape | نُقْطَة كَبِيرَة مَطْمُوسَة مَكَان الهَمْزَة |
| Mushaf introduction name | النُّقْطَة دُون الحَرَكَة مَكَان الهَمْزَة |
| Symbol | نُقْطَة مَكَان الهَمْزَة |
| Characters | U+06EC ARABIC ROUNDED HIGH STOP WITH FILLED CENTRE |
| Mark family | alamat_qiraah |
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!tashil
Tashkil — التشكيل
Definition: The layer of dabt marks attached to the letters of the text, the harakat, tanwin, shaddah, sukun and what goes with them, taken as a whole.
Purpose: Used when the whole layer of dabt is handled at once, kept in display or stripped from the text for search, rather than one mark.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | tashkil |
kind | concept |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | التَّشْكِيل |
| Other spellings | tashkeel |
| English gloss | vowel marks, vocalization, vocalisation |
- Tashkil is the layer; a harakah is one mark.
- Dabt is the discipline and its rules; tashkil is what it produces on the letters.
Related: harakah, mushaf_mark, ijam, rasm
Sources:
- معجم مصطلحات التجويد —
135
Three Dots — الثلاث نقط
Definition: Three dots above the letter, distinguishing it from the others that share its skeleton (ijam): thaa, sheen.
Purpose: Used as a value of ijam, so that a letter is told apart from those sharing its skeleton in analysis and in search.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | three_dots |
kind | mark |
| Parent | ijam |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | الثَّلَاث نُقَط |
| Dabt name | نَقْط الإِعْجَام — الثَّلَاث نُقَط |
| Name by shape | ثَلَاث نُقَط مُثَلَّثَة |
| Symbol | ثَلَاث نُقَط |
| Mark family | ijam |
| Other spellings | thalath_nuqat, three-dots |
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!three-dots
Two Dots — النقطتان
Definition: Two dots, above or below, distinguishing a letter from the others that share its skeleton (ijam): taa, yaa, qaaf.
Purpose: Used as a value of ijam, so that a letter is told apart from those sharing its skeleton in analysis and in search.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | two_dots |
kind | mark |
| Parent | ijam |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | النُّقْطَتَان |
| Dabt name | نَقْط الإِعْجَام — النُّقْطَتَان |
| Name by shape | نُقْطَتَان مُتَّصِلَتَان |
| Symbol | نُقْطَتَان |
| Mark family | ijam |
| Other spellings | nuqtatan, two-dots |
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!two-dots
Waqf al-Muanaqah — وقف المعانقة
Definition: Two candidate stopping points: stopping at one makes stopping at the other not allowed.
Purpose: Used as a value of the waqf mark type, so that rendering, teaching and warnings in applications branch on it rather than on the shape of the sign.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | waqf_al_muanaqah |
kind | classification_value |
| Parent | waqf_mark_type |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | وَقْف المُعَانَقَة |
| Dabt name | وَقْف المُعَانَقَة (ويُسمَّى وَقْف المُرَاقَبَة) |
| Name by shape | ثَلَاث نُقَط تَتَكَرَّر عَلَى كَلِمَتَيْن |
| Mushaf introduction name | عَلَامَة تَعَانُق الوَقْف |
| Symbol | ثَلَاث نُقَط في مَوْضِعَيْن |
| Characters | U+06DB ARABIC SMALL HIGH THREE DOTS |
| Mark family | waqf |
| Other spellings | muanaqah, muraqabah, taanuq_al_waqf, waqf_al_muraqabah |
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!muanaqah - مباحث في علوم القرآن —
1/152
Waqf Jaiz Mustawi al-Tarafayn — الوقف الجائز مستوي الطرفين
Definition: A permissible stop, with stopping and continuing equally sound.
Purpose: Used as a value of the waqf mark type, so that rendering, teaching and warnings in applications branch on it rather than on the shape of the sign.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | waqf_jaiz_mustawi_al_tarafayn |
kind | classification_value |
| Parent | waqf_mark_type |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | الوَقْف الجَائِز مُسْتَوِي الطَّرَفَيْن |
| Dabt name | الجِيم — عَلَامَة الوَقْف الجَائِز |
| Name by shape | جِيم |
| Mushaf introduction name | عَلَامَة الوَقْف الجَائِز جَوَازًا مُسْتَوِيَ الطَّرَفَيْن |
| Symbol | ج |
| Characters | U+06DA ARABIC SMALL HIGH JEEM |
| Mark family | waqf |
| Deprecated names | waqf-jaiz, waqf_jaiz |
waqf_jaizwas this mark's id in the mushaf registry; it fits three permissible marks, so it is deprecated.
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!waqf-jaiz - مباحث في علوم القرآن —
1/152
Waqf Jaiz Waqf Awla — الوقف الجائز مع كون الوقف أولى
Definition: A permissible stop, and stopping is the better choice.
Purpose: Used as a value of the waqf mark type, so that rendering, teaching and warnings in applications branch on it rather than on the shape of the sign.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | waqf_jaiz_waqf_awla |
kind | classification_value |
| Parent | waqf_mark_type |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | الوَقْف الجَائِز مَعَ كَوْنِ الوَقْف أَوْلَى |
| Dabt name | قلى — عَلَامَة الوَقْف أَوْلَى |
| Name by shape | قلى |
| Mushaf introduction name | عَلَامَة الوَقْف الجَائِز مَع كَوْن الوَقْف أَوْلَى |
| Symbol | قلى |
| Characters | U+06D7 ARABIC SMALL HIGH LIGATURE QAF WITH LAM WITH ALEF MAKSURA |
| Mark family | waqf |
| Other spellings | waqf-awla, waqf_awla |
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!waqf-awla - مباحث في علوم القرآن —
1/152
Waqf Jaiz Wasl Awla — الوقف الجائز مع كون الوصل أولى
Definition: A permissible stop, but continuing is the better choice.
Purpose: Used as a value of the waqf mark type, so that rendering, teaching and warnings in applications branch on it rather than on the shape of the sign.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | waqf_jaiz_wasl_awla |
kind | classification_value |
| Parent | waqf_mark_type |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | الوَقْف الجَائِز مَعَ كَوْنِ الوَصْل أَوْلَى |
| Dabt name | صلى — عَلَامَة الوَصْل أَوْلَى |
| Name by shape | صلى |
| Mushaf introduction name | عَلَامَة الوَقْف الجَائِز مَع كَوْن الوَصْل أَوْلَى |
| Symbol | صلى |
| Characters | U+06D6 ARABIC SMALL HIGH LIGATURE SAD WITH LAM WITH ALEF MAKSURA |
| Mark family | waqf |
| Other spellings | wasl-awla, wasl_awla |
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!wasl-awla - مباحث في علوم القرآن —
1/152
Waqf Lazim — الوقف اللازم
Definition: A compulsory stop: continuing across it would suggest a meaning other than the one intended.
Purpose: Used as a value of the waqf mark type, so that rendering, teaching and warnings in applications branch on it rather than on the shape of the sign.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | waqf_lazim |
kind | classification_value |
| Parent | waqf_mark_type |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | الوَقْف اللَّازِم |
| Dabt name | المِيم — عَلَامَة الوَقْف اللَّازِم |
| Name by shape | مِيم |
| Mushaf introduction name | عَلَامَة الوَقْف اللَّازِم |
| Symbol | م |
| Characters | U+06D8 ARABIC SMALL HIGH MEEM INITIAL FORM |
| Mark family | waqf |
| Other spellings | waqf-lazim |
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!waqf-lazim - معجم مصطلحات التجويد —
122 - مباحث في علوم القرآن —
1/152
Waqf Mamnu — الوقف الممنوع
Definition: A forbidden stop: stopping here would break the meaning or attach what follows to the wrong clause.
Purpose: Used as a value of the waqf mark type, so that rendering, teaching and warnings in applications branch on it rather than on the shape of the sign.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | waqf_mamnu |
kind | classification_value |
| Parent | waqf_mark_type |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | الوَقْف المَمْنُوع |
| Dabt name | لا — عَلَامَة الوَقْف المَمْنُوع |
| Name by shape | لا |
| Symbol | لا |
| Characters | U+06D9 ARABIC SMALL HIGH LAM ALEF |
| Mark family | waqf |
| Other spellings | waqf-mamnu |
Registered in the mushaf registry but never used in this edition: zero occurrences.
Sources:
- مصحف حفص — كلمة كلمة —
standard!waqf-mamnu - مباحث في علوم القرآن —
1/152
Waqf Mark — علامة الوقف
Definition: A mark in the mushaf pointing the reader to the ruling on stopping or continuing at a given place.
Purpose: Used to represent the sign, its position and its type in an orderly way.
| field | value |
|---|---|
code | waqf_mark |
plural | waqf_marks |
kind | mark |
| Parent | mushaf_mark |
| Origin | quranic |
| Tier | core |
| Version | v0.1 |
| Vocalized | عَلَامَة الوَقْف |
Related: waqf, waqf_mark_type, mushaf_mark, waqf_al_muanaqah, waqf_jaiz_mustawi_al_tarafayn, waqf_jaiz_waqf_awla, waqf_jaiz_wasl_awla, waqf_lazim, waqf_mamnu
Sources:
- مباحث في علوم القرآن —
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